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March 22, 2014

( 老子) Lier , ( before 600 BC - 470 years later ) surnamed Li ear , the word boyang , on the long white eyebrows and beard Legend of Lao Tzu was born , they were later known as the father .

China Spring and Autumn Period thinker , Qu Li Heung Chu County Renli bitter man, a great philosopher and thinker , founder of Taoism in ancient China . It is called the Empress Wu Tang Huang Lao , world cultural celebrity , one of the world's one hundred historical figures, surviving the " Tao Te Ching " ( also known as " 老子 " ) . The essence of his work is simple dialectical method, advocated inaction , the doctrine has a profound impact on the development of Chinese philosophy .



In Taoism , Lao Lao is one of three clear eighteenth incarnation of the deity , revered ancestor .


" Road " means

Natural law is the road , but the road is not entirely natural law . Anything can be road, road is difficult to explain why we have a " Road to Road , very Avenue ."
The first " Road " denotes Cultivation comprehension methods , " Dao " can be based on humanitarian law practice to practice the method . "Very Road " is not always the same meaning " road " changes varies .


Lier ( 老子) "moral"
http://www.daodejing.org/

November 22, 2013

Dedicated to my hometown!

◎ Haiyuan earthquake occurred in December 1920 16 evening 8:06 , the magnitude of 8.5 on the Richter magnitude. The strong earthquake in China 's rare history is also one of the world's biggest earthquake . Earthquakes release energy equivalent to 11.2 Tangshan earthquake . Strong vibration lasted more than ten minutes , when the world has 96 seismic stations are recorded to the quake , known as the "Global earthquake ."

◎ Haiyuan County township a survivor Dong Shan Xi Zheng said, " ten thousand water that mountain together , the two mountains combined together , the sheep, who consequently no ." Lanzhou Institute of Seismology , China Seismological Bureau , former director Guo additions said the quake in the local formation of more than 200 km of fault , there is a lake or even due to the migration of sloping ground a few kilometers.

95 -year-old living in Haiyuan county Macheng Hu edge of his life living in this , just cave houses from the soil into a bungalow. Hundred meters outside is 1920 Haiyuan earthquake thousand grave sites, after 90 years of wind and rain erosion, still faintly visible everywhere rolling a grave packages. He never moved to the Macheng Hu , like this 20th century, the world's largest earthquake last grave keeper .

"Grandpa was killed , his uncle was killed ." Confront the Southern Metropolis Daily reporter 's interview , Macheng Hu on the age of five experienced only limited to the memory of this catastrophe , he a five people , two people died due to the earthquake . This is earthquake centered in Haiyuan earthquake Haiyuan County make more than half of the population lost their lives . Earthquake affected very broad range , of which the southern Ningxia Haiyuan , Guyuan , north-central Gansu Jingning , Ning , Jingyuan , tongwei , Weiyuan , as well as western Shaanxi most severely affected .

According to information provided by the Seismological Bureau of Ningxia Haiyuan earthquake ( then part of Gansu Province , Gansu Province is also known as a major earthquake ) occurred on the evening of 16 December 1920 8:06 a magnitude of 8.5 on the Richter magnitude. The strong earthquake in China 's rare history is also one of the world's biggest earthquake . Earthquakes release energy equivalent to 11.2 Tangshan earthquake . Strong vibration lasted more than ten minutes , when the world has 96 seismic stations are recorded to the quake , known as the "Global earthquake ."

"This earthquake much , I said a few phenomena you know ." Lanzhou Institute of Seismology , China Seismological Bureau , former director Guo told reporters on the South are build by Haiyuan earthquake, Baltic sea waves floating up to tens of centimeters , while seismic waves are transverse and longitudinal waves through the center of the earth , tokyo, Japan, when the fashion is not sensitive instruments , but also detect seismic surface waves in a circle around the earth , and turn back, "So said more than 230,000 people dead , there are also said to have died more than 20 million, but now the latest research results that 27 million people died . "

After the earthquake relief , but also with a distinctive era prints. "Since that time, China is warlord, there is no effective relief . Haiyuan many people are buried in the graves of people , several people buried in a tomb ." Gang Haiyuan County Seismological Bureau , told reporters on the South are , when descendants of the victims of Haiyuan , has now also migrate to neighboring provinces , the annual December 16 , people will continue from where the grave Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Shaanxi and other places coming to worship by thousands .

But in Haiyuan outside this death toll over 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake in Japan , and in 1976 China Tangshan earthquake catastrophe , but not for more people to know . In Wenchuan, Yushu earthquake after another moment, gathering dust for a long time Haiyuan earthquake was dug out again , to become for people to pay homage and view specimens.

In the Ningxia Autonomous Region government , and led by the construction of Haiyuan Earthquake Museum tomorrow --- Haiyuan Earthquake 90th anniversary gala held opening ceremony. 8th of this month , the South is a reporter on the scene saw the museum interior is still tense , yet for exhibit. Gang said , when Haiyuan Earthquake Symposium will be organized and invited imam organized prayer in people grave .

"Two mountain back together , and sheep, who consequently no"

" December 16, 1920 , about eight o'clock in the evening , as well as some cities in China and its neighboring countries , some of the observed anomalies . Can not say Chengdu , daimyo , Shanghai and Haiphong in close proximity , to know from Chengdu to name about 1200 km , and from Haiphong to Shanghai about 1900 km . However, in the moment, the French Consulate in Chengdu , in the name of Jesus' followers Mission , the British Consulate in Shanghai and in coastal observatory , all clocks stop immediately in all these cities , and many other settlements, people sitting at the table next to suddenly saw , chandeliers began swinging , and later also know some other cases in the north of the boards daimyo summer , three missionaries suddenly felt nausea chat vomit, they feel like the floor , like the deck of the ship began to swing up in the sea 1250 kilometers away from China a place to market housewife who suddenly felt seasick , Beijing and Tianjin residents also have the same feeling ...... "This is Haiyuan earthquake, the Soviet Union an Anonymous writer wrote " 1920 in China , the West ignored the disaster ," the beginning of the section.

As additional researcher Guo said, almost the whole world felt the impact of the earthquake . And the South are more relevant to the reader , in Shantou sea, earthquakes also very strong . There are a sail from Shanghai Hong Kong British P and O, the company's "D evanha" No. ferry line to feel like an earthquake off the coast of Shantou as strong vibration. "The captain thought it might hit the submerged boat floats , but other boats on dry dock in Hong Kong after he checked the ship's shell, was surprised to find that the entire hull is intact, and realized that it was probably the earthquake induced vibration . " ( according to the Xujiahui Observatory seismograms " December 16, 1920 earthquake overview and commentary . " )

Thousands of miles away and a false alarm episode is different this time is the epicenter of people are experiencing the cruel parting test. Haiyuan County nine survivors Fung Chi Choi Ping Beaconsfield recorded a few years ago in Ningxia " walking in the mountains, where " documentary crew description says , "The old people say that the time to shake the place when ...... we look to spur the child shook flutter down , the valley is so wide open inside the hole . place where people sit , mountain had fallen down the barrier . " Haiyuan County rural another survivor Dong Xian Shan Zheng also said," ten thousand water that mountain together , and two mountains combined together , the sheep, who consequently no . "

In 1922, the first five U.S. "National Geographic " magazine, there is a Claus , McCaw Mill co-authored " walking in the mountains, where " report, which describes the Haiyuan earthquake occurs when several phenomena : in the night move mountains , like waterfall flowing down like landslides, stuck a big crack houses and camels , as well as the villages swept into the sea rising soft soil everything ......

" Haiyuan earthquake is now scheduled for the 8.5 , in the past has also been set at 8.6 ." Lanzhou Institute of Seismology , China Seismological Bureau , former director Guo build said the earthquake in the local formation of more than 200 km of fault , there is a lake or even because of the ground tilt migrated several kilometers . Loess geological hillside collapse, officials into powder form loess flow , because the local residents to live in cave soil , so even more serious casualties .

In 1958, the Institute of Geophysics of the other six comrades had sent Guo additional seismic expedition composed of Haiyuan earthquake site visits. Guo enlargement of the South are reporters recalled that his memory of a deeper story is that the earthquake came , the days have been black, because there is no electric lights, and even lamp is relatively small, a lot of people stay at home. Brought down the multi- hole kiln blocked , there is a cave dug fellow was later found and has not been completely destroyed, a man lying on the table , because there is no air and suffocated , death seems to be in the water , on the table a bowl with oil the same thing , as if the person vomit stomach .

Enormous casualties . April 3, 1921 , " Business News " reported that " half collapse county , Gansu Haiyuan County ( Gansu Haiyuan normalized wound under ) Students Pingjun Han Ying Jing brigade received a letter home saying: " the beginning of the 7th dusk earthquake , I suffer Township especially heavy , the whole city was quelled both houses , nine out of ten people dead and wounded , our home flower career Bay Resort, the Bank was lost , landslides cracked earth , mountains and rivers change ...... our home more than four ports, in addition to the parent and Ru grandmother outside , both owned by catastrophe. Houses down exhausted, odds and ends no deposit. The county a total of more than 60,000 people dead and injured people ...... ' "

" Livestock death loss, dogs are also groups that eat people ."

Accordance with the " Chinese people's tribune " March 1921 earthquake disaster survey , Haiyuan County deaths of about 4.5 million people were crushed to death seven thousand head of cattle , houses are collapsed 8 / 10 after six months , Weng Wenhao and Xie Jiarong in the " Counseling was the State Department of the Interior ," the official government documents, Haiyuan County will determine the number of deaths of 7.3 million people , or about Haiyuan County, 59% of the total population .

Haiyuan County are all affected and the highest proportion of deaths in the area . Xie Jiarong "Republic December Gansu Earthquake Report " in the overall Haiyuan earthquake described as: "The same evening 7:00 earthquake, wind blanket of darkness suddenly see , and see the red light . Earthquake in about calendar six points, places such as boat toss , people can not stand, the direction of vibration , like coming from the northwest , to the south east , there is the sound of thunder . debris mountain has collapsed and mobile , especially in mountain soil collapse as much. hillside plains were born cracks of varying lengths . plains cracks more than a lot of ideas , the color or green or black . landslide congestion river in many ways , especially by Nango . ML cliff fort after kiln , Dongxiang five ho Fort River Ravine two , landslides congestion river , water hundreds of feet deep , five or six long , ten feet wide , the water back. Nango after the earthquake, many dry wells , county governor Zhongwen Hai 's children and some are due to Yamen police Zorro dumped while being hard by the earthquake . town houses several fully flattened , formerly earthen walls are half destroyed . "

The second area is severely affected Guyuan County , in 1921 the official number of deaths reported 40,000 people . 1958 , Guo , who went to Guyuan additional seismic investigation , they can see a lot of earthquakes remains : thick brick walls are still building , the south wall engraved with " town Qin door " a few characters ( now the wall has been removal ) , the county and the pavilion Dong Fuxiang tombstone cross as two , the upper and lower crack without collapse , which reversed the direction of the next paragraph .

Haiyuan , Guyuan , other such huining , Lund , tongwei , Jingyuan , Jingning other five counties were over 10,000 deaths .

December 16 , after the earthquake , aftershocks, and the weather suddenly turns cold . " The 17th ( aftershocks ) all night endlessly pour eight o'clock Douqi winds, only to see the eternal . Cattle frozen to death by countless people . Roar like thunder , the momentum is extremely dangerous . Ended on the 18th the wind , the world dull, after the first mover to roar five were light . the 19th big move eight times, day and night, slightly shaking terrane endless . eleven big move on the 20th , a small moving twelve ...... " in April 1922 24 "New Long " Volume 1 , the detailed records of the aftershocks after the earthquake and weather conditions . Among them, Haiyuan , Guyuan County, heavy snow , freezing a lot of homeless people .

Had 1921 visits Xie Jiarong also went to the disaster area mentioned in the article , this earthquake occurred in the winter , resulting in the victims ' displacement, food and clothing are lacking , it is not died in the earthquake , it resembles died Dongnei and subsequently around though faction with sharp relief, and transportation difficult , often need to start up a few days later , it is slow for emergency . "

Then "Earth Science magazine" in the " Shaanxi and Gansu earthquake Sketch " reported , disaster people, " no clothes , no food , no shelter, displaced horrors, could not bear to see , ears can not bear to hear ...... day displaced , complex-valued cold, endure freezing tolerance hunger, howling sleeping , wounded and prostrate , crying everywhere, irrelevant hungry Corfu , death will be stiff . livestock death loss, dogs are also groups that eat people . "

In the shadow of the shadow of death , there are freshmen sprout . Guo build that in 1958 went to visit, I heard someone say that the mother gave birth to him in a pile of straw .

In the public authority has not been able to reach the earthquake zone tentacles when the victims were relying on private relief tide over the crisis . Guo went to build 1958 Haiyuan counties , they listen to fellow who brought the earthquake just happened , everyone regardless of you and me, someone out there is ready to share with all diets , a few days later, psychologically produce changes , each considered their future , no longer be able to just go to someone's residence to eat and drink it. "In the face of great disaster , beginning with the public mind , and later home on selfishness ." Guo said enlargement .

When the belated government relief will eventually arrive, victims often suffered froze to disregard life will go on request. Guyuan County Public Security Bureau when he 's Shizuo Liang once recalled by the Pingliang shipped two cars pot pie , just arrived in Guyuan County suburbs, was stopped on the hungry and begging rush containment , nursing bet pot pie of the soldiers do not scold retreat, these hungry " Gan Ning eagerly by the blade, refused to release car care ."

"At that time Beijing newspaper , even the epicenter of the address are not quite sure ."

Haiyuan earthquake suddenly, local government offices are also badly affected , with the traffic , communication inconvenience , suddenly difficult to organize the rescue. " Lanzhou Haiyuan would ride to several days , not to mention the roads are destroyed. Jingning county probably only a few other places have documented disaster . Others county said is not clear. Later, the Government has also taken ' food for work ' clear the roads, wages paid to the victims , but they are few . " Guo said enlargement .

Then Jingning County is RAILWAY SOCIETY yuan, after the liberation of former curator of Gansu Research Institute of Culture . According to his own " Jingning County, Gansu earthquake a little discipline ," alleged that he next morning after the earthquake , from the county warehouse payroll , no food relief to the victims , but also from the retail purchase of clothing, to help the masses no clothes cold , and from the warehouse out tents put up as victims thatched shelter, and electrically please Lanzhou Hebei hospital for wounded people heal ......

Zhou Tingchong yuan is not self hyperbole , then British English-language newspaper published in China , " North China Daily News " has been published entitled "A county in Gansu earthquake, very true story ," the report , with the emotional language to describe RAILWAY SOCIETY yuan after the earthquake as : " where the county is a energetic, very competent people , the people is one

Kind of true blessings ...... full of people on the official praise . When the earthquake came, he immediately ordered people to go out . And told people to leave home , and then back to the room knelt down to pray to God , if God is willing , he is willing to die in exchange for amnesty masses ...... When the earthquake, he called out to rescue those people immediately go live buried in the rubble people ...... also ordered to bury the dead and funded animal carcasses to prevent the occurrence of disease. "

However, before the disaster , the same hard-hit by the local government for relief, appeared to be inadequate . "It was very slow relief in Beijing newspapers , even the epicenter of the address are not quite sure , just say in that period abroad . Communication condition is poor , but also damaged, delayed a lot of talent to know ." Guo said enlargement was Gansu in Beijing, businessmen, students and members of Congress , etc., appealed to the government disaster relief , and published a notice in the newspaper . Fundraiser was a lot of people in Beijing have also set up an emergency fund-raising meeting.

Second Historical Archives of China literature shows that Governor of Gansu Province Zhang Jian had " Urgent " wrote the President , requesting support, but the letter of the time is after the earthquake in January I --- January 20, 1921 . Prior to this, December 29, 1920 , Zhang Jian and Gansu provinces have equal Parliament Speaker Wang who call for help to the Ministry of the Interior .

" Northern Government may also have corruption interception, before the earthquake coincided with a severe drought in North China five provinces have recorded that 500,000 people died , when there is a saying , to save drought in five northern provinces , the government disaster relief money to the international organization. early 1921 , Gansu staff to stay in Beijing " China Min Bao " to expose this thing, very well written, scolding the Northern Government , to the effect that , for the country to take grain in Gansu province , why not save the disaster event , it seems on the map without this anywhere else . " Guo said enlargement .

Until March 19, 1923 , Congressman Gansu Ji Zhou , who is also the wheel to the Central Relief Department official letter , the description of the horrors of more than two years after the earthquake : " Democratic Province since after the earthquake , destitution , becoming Britain connected to hail Hanhuang frequency -year-old harvest , before the change of Mongolia province counties disaster near, and displaced extend the miserable provincial capital . " these lawmakers also mentioned that they repeatedly received letters Association , Gansu victims informed of all horrors, " people have to sell as much meat bun Lanzhou things ." Currently Lanzhou soaring prices , and the winter has been accepted by more than 10,000 soup kitchens , although donations are also applied to all clothing, but the " hunger and cold when the deceased is still heard ."

In that letter , the lawmakers highlighted Gansu Ji , Relief Affairs Department last year Gansu relief funds should be allocated " yet and a half" , hoping the pain quickly filled compassionate hit Lebanon , "Shu told the people not to no longer have this loss too . " Thus , the central issue in disaster relief , withholding amounts should be allocated , the problem is quite serious .

The governor of Gansu Province , Haiyuan earthquake in more than two years , the people have changed , from Zhang Jian , PAN LINGGAO until Lam Sek . " Gansu local governments also have relief , but said Zhang Jian governor of corruption ." 1958 went to other places to investigate Haiyuan Guo build also heard , and later the Red Army through the ground , had also denounced relief funds over a person suspected of corruption .

Weng Wenhao et al investigated the beginning of China's seismology

Until Haiyuan earthquake occurred five months later, the Ministry of the Interior , Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce was synergistic sent Xie Jiarong , Weng Wenhao 6 people , in front of devastated areas lasted four months of fieldwork . The visit formed by the report , the earthquake in China has a very important position in the history .

In addition to the earthquake has done a detailed description of the situation outside , Xie J , Weng Wenhao , who also expressed for earthquake preparedness and response to many of their views . China's first a geology Ph.D., Executive Yuan of the Republic of China after the former WH Wong , in "for the investigation of Chen Gansu earthquake opinions petition ," said the strong earthquake in the world there are constant , but the Haiyuan earthquake dead as much as it is rarely heard various countries , foreign earthquakes, people probably injured more, and fewer deaths , many Haiyuan earthquake of the deceased , the injured and the survival of those very rare . Analyze the reasons , he thinks , and many people here Huangtupo burrowing inside , even if there are mostly mud houses built on .

Weng Wenhao the resulting proposed improvement measures , including " should persuade people during construction , with wooden beams phase -dimensional works , Shu can support " also includes cultivated forests and canalized water conservancy .

For seismic studies , Weng Wenhao also suggested that the central observatory and the Geological Survey of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce should work together to change the current one without specialized equipment , two non- specialization talents situation. In particular, he referred to " seismograph " setting : " Han Zhang Heng seismograph made ​​, Longxi earthquake Chang'an prophet. Seismograph our country was originally invented the earliest of the country, but unfortunately no one from the following , Suizhi lost in Modern Europe, Japan used the seismometer is depending on the ancient seismograph particularly great progress, able to fluctuate very fine state of research ...... whom this can not count those who have not earlier . "

And later the earthquake precursors and its prediction more relevant , is the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce Geological Survey Xie Jiarong "Republic December Gansu Earthquake Report " , which refers to the earthquake before and after the strange weather , song and sizing phenomenon Seisensui , along with his own views. Dingxi , Jingning other county governor 's report shows that an earthquake more than a windy morning mist , Ganzhou , Yumen and other counties , the report dull windy day after the earthquake , sand flying . Haiyuan County governor also said that when the earthquake " see red ." Xie Jiarong that " when the earthquake occurred dark dust clouds or daylight , due to dust, soot , etc., flying through vibration or collapse due to soil Hill , loess caused scattered over the air , there is no foot blame for this phenomenon is also solid ." As for the red light phenomenon , Xie Jiarong can not be explained , that " fear of endless indeed ."

The so-called song , referring to the earthquake , such as before and after the thundering sound of guns , and some local earthquake no sound. Xie Jiarong said noise level and vibration strength seems to have a direct relationship , as to what sound and vibration before after what , it seems not . He did not the song before the earthquake and earthquake precursors together.

Changes in groundwater , but also by the attention. Jing Chuan , Dingxi , Ning and other counties reported after the earthquake than before Seisensui taste slightly salty. Ningxia, Jingning , Central County and other reports claimed that after the earthquake, more than ten feet to the spring rise Chixu ranging . Ningxia County tepid spring and smelly than before the earthquake , tongwei , Haiyuan counties there are reports Seisensui WWF report , before large earthquakes Seisensui Longde has suddenly rose , the phenomenon of post-earthquake recovery . Xie Jiarong that Seisensui change depending on geological conditions vary across the terrain , the original can not be generalized, as these reports are true or county purely fetched, quite difficult to judge , he just put it to list " for future research ." .

Until 30 years later, the study of these anomalies in the land of China has suddenly become commonplace.

In Lanzhou Institute of Seismology , China Earthquake Administration researcher Guo Anning opinion, Haiyuan earthquake is unique , not only in its magnitude and the high death toll . " Weng Wenhao et al survey , a symbol of Chinese seismology beginning milestone Meanwhile, China 's first shot of modern earthquake prediction , but also from that fired the ." He told reporters on the South are .

Guo et al. Additional investigation started " modern earthquake prediction first shot."

The so-called " modern earthquake prediction shot " is in the new China was founded in 1958 fired the . Guo Anning 's father Guo build that earthquake prediction is to explore one of the representatives .

"At that time , the new China's first five-year plan has just ended , the Soviet Union helped China good number of large projects, their expert requirements in the design and construction drawings , you must first know where the earthquake situation , we will devote to this work to go . " born in 1931 , in 1953 to enter the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geophysics additional Guo said.

30 years ago occurred in Haiyuan earthquake , became the focus of the CAS Institute of Geophysics Project . Equally by the six -member expedition team , starting from Beijing starting on the Haiyuan , Guyuan , Xiji three counties for a period of over 20 days of study visits .

Guo build said they access the focus of study is to carry out earthquake prediction . " Why is forecasting ? , And the political situation at that time , since the Great Leap Forward, when the central authorities ' walking on two legs ', meaning earth, ocean must engage in two ways . Research institutes have made ​​ambitious goal , we propose to engage in earthquake earthquake prediction is walking on two legs , and some studies earthquake precursor observation instruments , is this ocean side ; earth aspect is we went to the Haiyuan visits. was called folk learn. whether before the earthquake precursory ? people observe what ? 6 of us went to full access . "

Groundwater change, put out by the local people . "They say a great spring before the earthquake , the earthquake did not, let us help find and we can not find , because the strata have changed ." Guo build memories, local residents also mentioned that the temperature changes before and after the earthquake , they are 6 people was also this discussion .

"This is China's first small-scale discussion of earthquake prediction ." Guo build that was just feeling earthquake prediction is difficult , no dissenting voices heard abroad , and Japan, the Soviet Union was said to engage in earthquake prediction .

More than 20 days of the trip, so Guo et al found additional Weng Wenhao , who had not found a long earthquake fault zone . China after the earthquake cause this more far-reaching is the precursor of earthquake prediction system , in this expedition established .

For Haiyuan earthquake precursors , mainly attributed to groundwater, animals, to the sound , to light , weather and so on. " After the earthquake precursor is these types of basic , just before the Haicheng earthquake more than a ground mist ." Guo said enlargement . They eventually wrote a report , with waxed paper carved two dozen . China earthquake prediction on this first shot fired .

In quite a long time since the earthquake precursor observation, quite a market in China . This is at least 10 years ago, there was change. Guo build said, "Now a lot of people against earthquakes be predicted , mainly because there are two theories appears: chaos theory and self-organized criticality theory in 1999 , China Association for Science and Society organized a discussion dozen disaster , I address this responded to two theories that can be predicted theoretically , but we actually have not done . "

Currently, China 's earthquake prediction , is rather embarrassing mark. Guo 's son Guo Anning enlargement , but also the strong earthquake predictability advocate , but he also acknowledged that earthquake prediction is supported by the international mainstream academia has lost a lot of so-called " earthquake precursors " occurs, and did not then trigger an earthquake, while others place before the earthquake , but there is no such precursor. This is " earthquake precursors " makes it difficult to judge .

But he thinks that this is not the reason for denial of earthquake prediction explore . As seismic system researchers, he obviously felt his own ideas , even in Seismological Bureau system is also difficult for Austrian aid . His books on earthquake prediction , and even earthquakes publishers are reluctant to publish .

Will be held tomorrow in Haiyuan Symposium on Haiyuan earthquake , director of the Institute of Geology , China Earthquake Administration Zhang Zhen will do the "earthquake science and technology development," academic report, on the topic of earthquake prediction , it will be in the original position once again inspire sparks .

90 years in the past , pretentious man in the huge face of natural disasters , more are showing powerlessness .

November 22, 2013

China's world many have misunderstood the word

Red common name in ancient times when the Red intended to refer to the bustling metropolis. From the Eastern Han Dynasty writer, historian Ban "West Ode " verse. Refers to this world , have Rangrang secular life . From traveling past the dirt road after the dust raised , metaphor fame of the road.

Detailed explanation

1 Raising aquatint traveling .

Han Ban "West Ode ": " Red Courtyard, clouds are connected ." Tandoori animal husbandry, " Guo Hua Qing ," one poem : "a ride Red Feizixiao , nobody knew it was coming lychee ." Song Guan " Jinming Chi " word: " Bao masi vertical wind was blowing Red , only to find Fang go back . " Lu Qing Wang end " heavy paper Lent record " Volume:" flying Red purple street feet , mask off evil outing leisure sandals . " fu " eastern Zhejiang scene Jilue · Ji Jing Fang Rock ":" not applied rafters watts, while rain and Mo ; cool, but less than the Red . "

2 refers to the bustling place .

Southern Chen Xu Ling " Luoyang Road, " one poem : "Yuan Liu Sanchun dark Red BaiXi more ." Tang Wang, " army Unaccompanied mountain friends" poem: " midnight listening chicken comb gray hair , dawn cursory into the mortal world ." Qing Sun Zhiwei " Spring song ":" not prime yarn soft screen to see , but the clouds outside the Red is good . "

3 . Buddhism, Taoism called dead as " Red ."

Minggu secondary name " Jinan Shou " fourth fold : "You are now on the Dan Xiao , went purple Que, step Yaotai , other than the mortal realm is a heavy ." Qing Fan Yang Xun "rebuilt Yuan Shan ( Yuan may establish other industry ) tablets" : "The voluntary unworthily Red, full of good works , in order to save the crisis rescue , non- being saints, sad days Min people 's difficulties yeah ! " " Dream of Red Mansions " first seventeen back: " gem originally receptive , but also by attunement , early the Red see through . " fu " readme "Poetry of the two: " formerly vertical than Tathagata , Red also available under the sad disgrace . "

 

Basic concept

 

       First, the " Red ," the term refers to the earthly world of meaning.

When the ancient " Red " is intended to refer to the bustling metropolis. From the Eastern Han Dynasty writer, historian Ban "West Ode " in verse : " Tian Yi Guo city , next to the stream one hundred dust , Red Courtyard, clouds are connected ." To the effect that " a bustling crowd dust raised ( Red ) , from the four together and filled the whole city , dust and smoke are connected together . " later, " Red "evolved into" dust bustle city " , as" earth " explanation, and the first to be Buddhist to use , in the Buddhist scriptures appear in many places means mundane earthly " Red Dust " is used. " Dream of Red Mansions " opening elaborate stone source said: "it was not only the Sky , Magic -shaped world, is that the vast Tuas transitory reality brought into the Red , cited Deng Bian 's a stone ." This mysterious description, It is derived from Buddhist mythology .

Second, the Red refers to this world , have Rangrang secular life . From traveling past the dirt road after the dust raised , metaphor fame of the road.

Third, the downtown aquatint , described downtown, also refers to the lively place. Xu Ling " Luoyang Road " : dark green Liusan Chun , Red BaiXi much.

  

Fourth, the earth . Dream of Red Mansions first round : the original is not only the Sky , phantom shape the WTO, is that - if brought into the Red , cited Deng Bian 's a stone .

V. Red is secular . The word is used in the Tang dynasty began . Because Chang in the northwest, is the loess geology, in the Golden Age under the Chang'an always busy, rolled up the dust in the sunset at the time people seem Chang is red, so it is said Red , then put the word used to describe Buddhist earthly . Red is described as a woman says she has a lot of experience, not specifically refers to feelings

Six , disillusioned interpretation - this sentence is Chinese ancient writers , by the influence of Taoist Natural inaction , and later reclusive scholar tired of officialdom illusory wealth career , longing for the mountains of rural life , and frequently used vocabulary. So disillusioned is wildly prosperous life retreat from clouds to the free , simple , natural living environment wildland or mountains .

The so-called disillusioned is simply more tolerant of everything you have a sinking heart with your heart to forgive all beings , forgive all living beings . Each Buddhist concept of living beings will never see the fault , your fault you never see beings pollute yourself, you simply can not practice , that you can not always see through the Red , but can be adjourned to the Red.