conversational problem for students

Many English students complain that they understand English, but don't feel confident enough to join a conversation. There are a number of reasons for this including:

• Students are trying to translate from their native language into English.
• Production "blocking" is occurring due to nervousness, lack of confidence, etc.
• The speaker is looking for a specific word, rather than using simple language to describe what is meant.
• There aren't enough conversation opportunities in or outside of class.
• Students aren't able to speak to peers (for example: mixed classes of adults and teenagers).
• Exam preparation focuses on grammar, vocabulary, etc. and leaves little time for active use.